Efektivitas Penggunaan Senjata Non-Lethal dalam Tindakan Kepolisian

The use of firearms and weapons in policing is a high-risk law enforcement instrument that directly impacts human life and public trust. This action research is prompted by a series of recent fatalities, including the shooting incidents in Semarang and Solok (2024), the Kanjuruhan Stadium tragedy (2022), and the Duren Tiga case (2022). This study aims to analyze the policy of weapon usage and measure its effectiveness in policing through a mix-methods approach. Data analysis was conducted using the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) on three primary Indonesian National Police (Polri) regulations (Perpol Nomor 1/2024, Perkap Nomor 1/2009, and Keputusan Kapolri Nomor 464/2014) and a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the strategic policy direction. The results indicate that the use of weapons—both lethal and non-lethal—remains effective as a law enforcement instrument as long as it is implemented in a firm, measured manner, and in accordance with Human Rights principles. However, gaps were identified in licensing processes, technical understanding, and officer supervision, influenced by psychological instability and insufficient training. The study recommends a partial revision of the three regulations with four urgent points: (1) refining the nomenclature of lethal and non-lethal weapon categories; (2) tightening licensing requirements (including mental health assessments and spousal consent); (3) strengthening human rights-based discretionary understanding; and (4) modernizing supervision through peer support and the mandatory use of body-worn cameras. Implementing these recommendations